Bones of the human body are essential because they serve numerous purposes. They hold and protect inner organs, for instance, the lungs are protected by the ribs and the brain is protected by the skull. Muscles stretch against every bone to allow movement of the body. Bone marrow is a soft tissue found at the core of several bones that make and store blood cells.

Symptoms

1-Pain is felt in the bone with the cancer
2-There is swelling in the area and it may feel tender to the touch
3-The bones may become weak causing fractures
4-Fatigue or excessive tiredness even though you are sleeping well
5-Weight loss that happens without trying

Treatment:

The treatment and prognosis depends upon multiple factors including the type and extent of the cancer, the patient's age and overall health status. Tumors may be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these.

Primary bone cancers:

The tumor, surrounding bone tissue and nearby lymph nodes are surgically removed. In severe cases, the affected limb may need to be amputated, but this is rare. Treatment may also include radiotherapy (x-rays to target and kill the cancer cells) and chemotherapy (anti-cancer drugs).

Secondary bone cancer:

Treatment depends on the treatment for the original tumor, but usually includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy or hormone therapy. Surgery may be needed to strengthen the affected bone.

Another rare type of cancer in dogs, it affects both axial (flat bones like the spine, skull and pelvis) and appendicular (limbs) skeletons. It is highly metastatic and survival rate in dogs are low. Hemangiosarcoma is more likely to arise from spread of cancer from other parts of the body than as a primary bone cancer.

Chondrosarcoma is responsible for a quarter of all malignant tumors and is the second most common type of bone cancer. It occurs in cartilage cells and is incredibly unpredictable. The tumors can be either aggressive or slow in forming. In the case of the latter tumors, the survival rate is about ninety percent; for aggressive tumors, it has only a thirty percent five year survival rate.

The most common symptom of bone cancer is pain. However, symptoms may vary depending on the location and size of the cancer. Sometimes firm, slightly tender lump on the bone can be felt through the skin. Sometimes bone cancer interferes with normal movements and can also weaken or cause bones to break.

Causes of primary cancer of the bones are usually unknown however it has four types namely, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, spindle cell sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Apparently, the most common symptom of this type of cancer would be bone pain. Some people would think of it as arthritis pain in adults or growing pains in children, which is why it is not diagnosed early.

Chondrosarcomas are malignant tumors of cartilage, usually developing in flat bones like the pelvis and shoulder blade. X-rays often reveal punctuate calcifications. These tend to occur in older adults. Ewing's sarcoma of bone is a round-cell bone tumor usually occurring in the extremities and growing extensively. It is most often seen among people aged 10 to 25 years.

The diagnosis can be achieved by various means. X-ray examination showed a structural change over the end of the bone and often abnormal bone formation in the tumor mass. Bone scintigraphy, a process that assesses the uptake of radioactive material injected into the bone, would be positive, shows active bone formation.

Most common cancer in female dogs and predominantly affects older female dogs between five and ten that have not been spayed. German shepherds, cocker spaniels, poodles and terriers are overrepresented. Half of these tumors are malignant and half of these have spread at the time of diagnosis. The tumors can affect one or more of the mammary glands along the belly of your pet. They can be a single small mass or be multiple large ulcerated masses.



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